Sunday, April 10, 2016

UAS GCS Human Factors Issue

               In this research activity, the Walkera Runner 250 Advance ground control station (GCS) will be examined in depth.  The Walkera Runner 250 Advance is a 250mm quadcopter and is what is known as a First Person View (FPV) Racer.  It is manufactured by Chinese manufacture Wakera and is 250mm diagonally from motor to motor.  It transmits video via 5.8 GHz, is equipped with dual GPS module, and is capable of acrobatic flight, (Walkera Runner 250(R) Quick Start Guide, 2015).
                The Runner 250 Advance comes with an optional on screen display (OSD) for users that want to fly in a mode called FPV, where a spotter is used to keep the aircraft in line of sight (LOS) and the operator fly’s by looking at the screen.  The video is transmitted via 5.8 GHz and is only a 2 dimensional image, because of this the OSD is key when learning to fly FPV.
                Companies that manufacture these FPV Racer quadcopters are typically not aviation companies.  Thus, when someone that comes from the aviation community and tries to fly one, they can find the information provided by the OSD confusing.  Figure [1], comes from Walkera Runner 250(R) Quick Start Guide.  Instantly one can notice there is a plethora of information displayed.  Arguably there is too much information, and some information is not well placed.  For example, an aviator will notice the horizontal distance is in the top right corner under the time, however, on modern manned aircraft, distance measuring equipment (DME) is usually situated above and to the left of a compass card.  While DME and horizontal distance to the operator are different, they provide a similar function, because as a FPV flight is coming to an end, the user will want to fly back to their position, thus giving a similar use to DME readout.  Additionally, the Walkera OSD places the vertical speed indicator (VSI) above the horizontal speed indicator, rather than above the altitude read out.  Because of this, the user must shift their eyes from the right side of the screen to read the altitude, then to the opposite side to read the VSI.  If the two above mentioned items Distance and VSI were shifted this would give a similar readout that is found in most modern manned aircraft.  Additionally, latitude and longitude are listed on the bottom of the screen, this is a function of the GPS on the Runner 250 Advance.  The Runner 250 Advance is a “racer” and this is superfluous information that does not provide the operator with any additional situational awareness. 
Lastly, a sometimes controversial subject of units comes to light.  All units are in metric units of measure, this may not be an issue for most and can be adapted easily.  However, FPV racers typically fly close to the ground, and if the altitude readout were in feet, then the use of the OSD could facilitate a closer flight to the ground. These numbers could also read out in fractions of a meter but will ultimately add more digits to read an altitude, for this reason feet should be the accepted measure of altitude.

http://www.firstquadcopter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Runner-250-Advance-review-OSD-Telemetry.jpg
FIGURE [1]. Courtesy of Wakera Runner 250(R) Quick Start Guide.

                Overall, the Walkera Runner 250 Advance offers an entry level FPV Racer with many features, however, like most other sUAS they are not made by aviation companies and place information in places that are not intuitive the aviator.  Similarly to manned aviation, there are not standards in where information is placed but lots of research has been conducted in the realm of human factors and making sure information is easily accessible to the aviator.  The UAS community should learn from the manned community where there is not standard in information placement and units of measurements, and standardization should be adopted to make transitions from manned aircraft and between unmanned aircraft easier, additionally, this will make transitions from one manufacture to the other easier as well.



Reference


Walkera Runner 250(R) Quick Start Guide. (2015 Oct 20). Walkera.

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